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Targeting Ultra Poor (TUP) Program - The Graduation Approach
Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction: Targeting the Ultra Poor (CFPR-TUP) project was initiated by BRAC (NGO), a Bangladesh-based development organization, after years of trial and error, in 2002.The ultra poor are a group of people who eat below 80% of their energy requirements despite spending at least 80% of income on food. In Bangladesh, they constitute the poorest 17.5 percent of the population.〔Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2010, Bureau of Statistics〕 BRAC applied this program, also known as the graduation approach, for two years and study released in 2010 reported that more than 95% of participants left the rigorously defined category of ultra-poverty over the 24 months – and more importantly, they had stayed out of it four years later. Follow-ups recorded similar results. A randomized control trial released in 2013 showed dramatic and sustained shifts in value of livestock, self-employment, earnings and self-reported happiness - long after the period of support had ended.Since its inception, the program covered 1.6 million ultra poor households in 44 districts in Bangladesh.〔(PIONEER IN CHANGE ),''The Daily Star''〕Outside Bangladesh, Consultative Group for Assisting Poor (CGAP), a World Bank organization, and the Ford Foundation have studied Targeting the Ultra Poor (TUP) program, adapted in eight countries in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East and elsewhere in Asia, explicitly modeled on BRAC’s. After 1.5 to 3 years, 75% to 98% of participants meet “graduation” criteria. This shows the success of the graduation program even outside of Bangladesh.Nicholas Kristof mentioned in a New York Times column that this model is the mechanism of hope that helps people make headway out of poverty.BRAC is ready to open-source their approach, both to help other countries achieve similar results and also to refine their own methodology.The TUP program or the graduation approach starts with the allocation of an asset such as cattle or poultry, as well as training on how to raise them. It also includes food or cash support alongside, partly to reduce the need to eat or sell the asset in a financial crisis. There’s a savings account, health education and regular coaching to reinforce skills and build confidence.〔
==Graduation process==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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